Concerns often arise that AI systems such as ChatGPT might replace core student skills. However, the study paints a more positive picture. In an experiment with first-year students, two groups were compared: one used AI-supported audio modules, while the other did not.

The audio modules focused on key concepts from the course, provided brief explanations for difficult topics, and included questions to test understanding. Each module lasted about fifteen minutes and could be used anywhere, such as during commuting or household chores. Although using the modules did not directly lead to higher grades, students in the intervention group reported higher study motivation, spent around 60 percent more time reading the textbook, and achieved slightly better exam results.

Jafarian explains that the audio modules mainly help lower the barrier to starting studying. By listening first, students become familiar with key concepts, reducing cognitive load and making it easier to engage with the textbooks. This prepares them to delve deeper into the material.

An additional benefit was observed for students with ADHD symptoms. In the control group, these students often performed worse, but among those actively using the audio modules, the performance gap disappeared. The modules appear to be particularly helpful for students who struggle to begin studying.

Beyond audio modules, Jafarian collaborates with the UvA Teaching & Learning Centre and Amsterdam University College to develop other AI-powered study tools, such as chatbots containing course material to help students organize and test their knowledge.

AI can support students in creating practice quizzes, making summary diagrams, or serving as an interactive tutor. At the same time, Jafarian warns that AI output quality varies, and improper use can lead students to skip essential learning steps. Ultimately, AI does not replace the textbook, but it can make the first step toward studying easier.