In his lecture, Ensing explained how AI models will profoundly transform chemistry by automating experiments, accelerating computer simulations, and generating new molecules and materials with desired properties. According to Ensing, AI in chemistry will make a major contribution to realising a circular economy and a sustainable, healthy planet. The largest part of his inaugural lecture was dedicated to the question of how artificial intelligence will help scientists conduct better chemistry.

The need for better chemistry is urgent, Ensing emphasised. New materials capable of filtering carbon dioxide from the air could help combat global warming, with the captured CO2 being stored or converted into something useful. At the same time, alternatives must be developed for chemical processes that emit large quantities of carbon dioxide, such as the production of cement and ammonia for fertilisers. Moving away from fossil raw materials also requires new synthesis routes for products such as aviation fuels and plastics. Chemists are also working on materials for improved batteries, the storage of wind and solar energy, and the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen.

Alongside his optimism, Ensing expressed genuine concern. He stated that, for the first time, he worries about how his models could be misused. In the hands of malicious actors, AI models could be used to generate molecules for explosives or new synthetic drugs. Ensing also highlighted concerns about students using tools such as ChatGPT. A broader question concerns the future of doctoral research: since AI models can deliver results comparable to those of PhD candidates, but faster and at lower cost, the question arises of how future generations of expert researchers will be trained.

Ensing also touched on wider societal concerns surrounding AI, including the role of large technology companies, the growing divide between advantaged and disadvantaged groups, and the consequences for energy consumption and the economic system. He indicated his intention to fulfil a proactive role within the university, through his teaching, as an adviser to media, policymakers and politicians, and by exchanging ideas with colleagues within the AI4Science and MMD Tech Hub consortia.